I wrote a book to help pet pig owners!

 I wrote a book to help pet pig owners!

Pet pigs, known for their intelligence and loving demeanor, are becoming popular as pets. But like any other animal, they are prone to various diseases, which can severely affect their health and quality of life. From swine flu to infections, preventative care, and prescription medications, this veterinary manual offers hope and help to the beginner and experienced pig owner!

 

Introduction

Knowledge of health problems that may occur in pet pigs is necessary to provide the highest level of care. Piggies need special care in what they eat, what they're housed in, and their overall health to avoid diseases. The following article features a concise review of diseases commonly affecting pet pigs and concludes with practical advice for those who live or work with pigs.

 

Respiratory Diseases

Causes

Bacterial, viral, and environmental factors can cause respiratory diseases in pigs. Common pathogens include:

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: Responsible for enzootic pneumonia.

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: Causes pleuropneumonia.

Swine Influenza Virus: Causes symptoms of influenza in pigs.

Improper ventilation, dust, and an accumulation of ammonia in living quarters may aggravate the respiratory system.

Symptoms

Coughing

Sneezing

Nasal discharge

Difficulty breathing

Lethargy

Reduced appetite

Treatment

Medications for bacterial infections (from a vet)

Antivirals and Supportive Measures in the Treatment of Viral Diseases

Increasing airflow and decreasing the amount of dust and ammonia in living spaces

Prevention

Keep living in a clean and well-ventilated place

Access to regular veterinary visits and vaccinations

Separate new or sick pigs to avoid disease transmission

 

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Causes

Illness causing Gastrointestinal disease can be from infective agents, parasites, nutritional imbalances, or stressful conditions. Common pathogens include:

Escherichia coli: Colibacillosis.

Salmonella spp: Cause of salmonellosis.

Rotaviruses: They are responsible for viral-induced diarrhea.

Symptoms

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Abdominal pain

Loss of appetite

Dehydration

Weight loss

Treatment

Antibiotics or antidiarrheals for bacterial infections (as prescribed by your veterinarian)

Medications for parasitic infections, such as deworming treatments

Offering proper nutrition and drinks that contain water

Other therapies (supportive care, fluids, electrolytes)

Prevention

Keep the living quarters clean and sanitary

Appeal for regular deworming and parasite control

Offer complete and balanced nutrition

Avoid stress through environmental enrichment and good handling

 

Skin Diseases

Causes

Pigs may suffer from parasites, bacterial/fungal (mould) infections, and environmental diseases of the skin. Common conditions include:

Sarcoptic Mange: It is a result of Sarcoptes scabiei mites.

Ringworm: Fungal infection.

Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin.

Symptoms

Itching and scratching

Redness and inflammation

Hair loss

Scabs or crusty lesions

Thickened or dry skin

Treatment

Parasitic therapy, whether topically or systemically (e.g., ivermectin for mange)

Antifungal drugs for ringworm

For infections,  antibiotics are used if bacteria cause the infection

Enhancing sanitation and safe environmental conditions

Prevention

Adhere to the living area in a scheduled cleaning routine

periodic grooming and vermin control

Make sure you are getting the right nutrition and staying hydrated

Don't fill it too tightly or push too close together

 

Obesity

Causes

Overweight issues are common in pigs that have been overfed, have unhealthy feeding habits, and get little exercise. Pigs contain a high amount of obesity when on a high-carbohydrate diet with low essential nutrients.

Symptoms

Excessive weight gain

Wanting to move or breathe

Joint problems

Lethargy

Reduced lifespan

Treatment

Following a balanced diet and the right size of portions

Promoting routine physical activity and exercise

Keep track of the weight and body condition frequently

Speaking with your veterinarian to develop an ideal weight loss plan

Prevention

Keep the child well nourished

Do not overfeed and spare the treats

Provide enough physical activity and mental stimulation

Regularly keep an eye on the diet and make adjustments as necessary

 

Reproductive Diseases

Causes

There are several possible causes of reproductive diseases in Pigs, including infections, hormonal disturbances, and anatomical interferences. Common conditions include:

Brucellosis: Caused by Brucella suis.

Leptospirosis: Leptospira bacteria are responsible for this infectious disease.

Uterine Infections: Typically, bacterial-induced.

Symptoms

Impotence or reduced potency

Abnormal estrous cycles

Fluid from the reproductive system

Abdominal pain

Fever

Treatment

Antibiotics (for bacterial infections, to be used only with a vet prescription)

Treatments of disorders of a hormonal origin

Surgery in severe cases (e.g.,  spaying)

Prevention

Routine appointments with a veterinarian and checking for reproductive health

Immunization against common reproductive pathogens

Keep the living environment clean and sanitary

Quarantine new pigs until you know what they are.

 

Zoonotic Diseases

Causes

Zoonotic diseases are those that can spread from animals to people. Pigs can harbor and transmit several zoonotic pathogens, such as:

 Salmonella spp.

Campylobacter spp.

Influenza viruses

Symptoms in Pigs

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Respiratory distress

Fever

Lethargy

Symptoms in Humans

Gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea, vomiting)

Fever

Symptoms of the respiratory system (cough,  sneezing, etc).

Infections of the skin (such as ringworm)

Treatment

Appropriate antimicrobial treatment for in-contact, ill pigs (under veterinary advice.

Caring for pigs and people

See healthcare workers for infections in the native host

Prevention

Use good hygiene if you do have pigs (ex., hand washing, gloves, etc.)

Regular health checks and vaccination of pigs

Prepare pork products to an adequate temperature of readiness

Detain and have the ill hogs treated by a veterinarian at once

 

Preventative Care and General Health Suggestions

Proper Diet

A balanced,  healthy diet is the key to avoiding various health-related problems in pet pigs. Their diet should include:

Feed your pigs only with what is ideal for them: these special pig pellets.

Fresh veggies and fruits (in moderation)

Fresh water is available at all times

Avoid large doses of carbohydrates and high sugar and fat-containing foods.

Adequate Housing

Having the right kind of living environment for pigs is important for their health and well-being. Key considerations include:

A large secure space with plenty of room to run and explore

Bedding (such as straw, shavings) should be deep enough to keep the lamb warm and soft so that it can lie down.

Clean and dry housing for the prevention of infection and dermatitis

Outdoor yard for exercise and mental stimulation

Regular Veterinary Care

Regular visits to your veterinarian are important in helping diagnose and prevent potential diseases. Regular care should include:

Physical examinations

Vaccinations and deworming timelines

Medical monitoring and blood work as required

Tooth and hoof care

Environmental Enrichment

The provision of environmental enrichment can help avoid stress and encourage natural behaviors. Consider adding:

Toys and items for exploring and playing

Rooting and foraging grounds

Social contact with other pigs or animals

Training and enrichment exercises

Hygiene and Sanitation

Prevention of infections and diseases depends on adherence to cleanliness. Key practices include:

Residents are encouraged to keep their living space clean and disinfected regularly

Efficient waste treatment and disposal

Alternating with other bedding substrates

Monitoring and treating any illness as soon as it arises

 

Conclusion

When you care for a pig, you need to know the basics about how pigs function and the common pitfalls of ownership. With appropriate diet, housing, and preventive care, pet pigs can live long, healthy lives. Routine veterinary care, environmental stimulation, and good hygiene contribute to successful pig care. Be an informed and engaged owner, and you can have a long-lasting friendship with your little piggies.